LED lighting is the collective name of LED lighting. With the further maturity of LED technology, LED will achieve more and better development in the field of design and development of living lighting. In the 21st century, the design of bedroom lamps and lanterns will be the mainstream of LED lamps and lanterns design. At the same time, it will fully reflect the development trend of energy-saving, health, artistic and humanistic lighting, and become the dominant trend of bedroom lighting culture. In the new century, LED lighting will certainly illuminate everyone's living room, change everyone's life, and become a great change in the development and design of lamps and lanterns.
As a representative of the new generation of light source, LED has excellent performance, such as high brightness, color saturation and light efficiency. LED lamps have high efficiency, small size, light weight, firm and long life, low driving voltage, easy to drive. It is also suitable for many occasions, such as indoor lighting, road lighting, building lighting, display. Use, traffic signal lighting, industrial lighting. After the initial stage of development, the initial stage of industry and the growth stage of industry, China's LED industry is now in the stage of key technology development, and is also facing many problems and challenges.
Chaotic Competition Affects Industry Development
Cope with the "patent war". Since 2010, some important white LED patents will expire. In other words, the LED industry will be caught in frequent patent litigation and competition in recent years. According to incomplete statistics, there are 124,000 LD patents filed worldwide, of which 20,000 are in the United States, 25,000 in China and 49,000 in Japan. The key is that China's 25,000 LED patents, mostly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the entire industrial chain, mostly belong to design, utility model patents, invention patents are few and far between. Although there are some peripheral patents in the upstream industry chain, the core patents are relatively small.
Balance capacity growth and market demand. According to incomplete statistics, in 2010, only listed companies invested more than 30 billion yuan in the field of LED, of which Sanan Optoelectronics 20 billion yuan and Dehao Run 4 billion yuan. In 2010, about 37% of the investment in the LED industry went to the upstream chip industry and 52% to the downstream application industry. The signs of overcapacity are preliminary emerging. From January to July 2011, China's MOCVD equipment increased by more than 200 units. In 2012, China's LED chip production capacity is expected to be 10 times that of 2010. At present, there are more than 500 MOCVD equipments in China, including 96 projects under construction. The total number of MOCVD equipments is more than 1600. According to statistics, there are 41 domestic sapphire substrate manufacturers with a total investment planning of 44.7 billion yuan, of which 12.08 billion yuan is planned for construction projects and 101 million pieces per year are produced. However, due to the global economic situation is not optimistic, the demand for LED chips is declining. How to expand the LED general lighting market, how to support the government, how to cultivate the market, we need to solve.
Avoid disorderly competition. The most direct result of blindly investing in LED before is vicious competition. Blindly investing leads to vicious competition. The vicious competition ignores the quality of products, and the inferior products spoil the reputation. As a result, disorderly competition has led to the bankruptcy of some enterprises, and the small and medium-sized enterprises invested blindly may not be able to sustain in such a cold winter. For the industry in the industry, the negative impact, how to change? It may take time and cost to slowly digest these effects. For the difficult LED industry, has it added some unfavorable factors to us?
Development needs a long-term perspective
Deal with the shortage of raw materials. High brightness LED chips are based on indium metal. Its content in the crust ranks 61, strategic metals rank second, development and application are growing, global reserves are abundant, prices are increasing, and periodic shortages are expected in the future. If LED enters the general lighting market, will the problem be the abundant raw materials? At present, many foreign institutions and enterprises have begun to explore new chip materials. Our country should also pay attention to this problem, and start to deal with the possible rise in raw material prices in the future, and develop new LED materials.
Focus on the development of new technologies. For example, the improvement of quantum efficiency in LED, the change of packaging structure, the design of new phosphor/quantum dot, transparent substrate, contact material, reflective material, secondary optical/luminaire reflector and the development of high performance driving power supply, etc.
The challenges from OLED should not be ignored. LED and OLED have their own advantages. When LED is introduced to the market, they are also facing competition from "compatriots" OLED. At present, OLED display technology is relatively mature and has entered the market. Lighting technology is being paid attention to and has been developing rapidly. At present, the light efficiency of commercial white OLED has reached 50 lm/W, which is more than twice that of ordinary lighting, and its lifetime has reached 100,000 hours. The efficiency of white light emission developed in the laboratory is 120 lm/W, which is close to the 150 lm/W required by the U.S. Department of Energy for lighting materials. Of course, the OLED planar light source is also facing some problems: OLED luminescent materials have poor anti-oxidation ability and fear of water after electrification, and need vacuum glass seal, so it needs LTPSTFT substrate, so the cost of OLED application in large-scale field will remain high; at present, the yield of large-scale OLED panel is still not high, thus greatly improving. It increases the cost of OLED product line, but also makes the output unable to increase rapidly. Due to the different performance of luminous materials, the life of components is limited by short board effect. The specification of surface light source and its driving power standard still need to be established.